Speaker of the 5th term Senate of the Republic of Poland.

Born in 1935 in Łódź.

1959 - Master of Arts degree form Woodrow Wilson School of Foreign Affairs, University of Virginia in Charlottesville. 1960 - Master of Arts degree from the Faculty of Journalism, Warsaw University.

1961-62 - doctoral studies at the American University in Washington. PhD at the Faculty of History, Higher School of Social Sciences in Warsaw (1963). 1967 - title of Doctor Habilitated from the Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences. 1978 - title of Associate Professor; 1986 - title of Full Professor.

1963-94 - researcher at the Polish Institute of International Affairs. Visiting professor at several foreign universities, mainly American. Professor at Gdańsk University (on leave of absence). Between 1997 and 1998 - President of the Warsaw School of Social and Economic Sciences. Member of the Political Science Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Author of over 600 scientific publications including more than 60 books on international relations.

1967-98 - member of the Central Board of the Polish Political Sciences Association. Chair of the Association during three annual terms. 1988-94 - member of the Executive Committee of the International Political Sciences Association. Vicepresident of the Association from 1991 to 1994. Former president of the Polish Canadian Society, deputy president of the Poland - Republic of Korea Society and member of the Euro-Atlantic Society and the Club of Rome.

1991-2001 - Deputy to the Polish Sejm (Lower House). During its 1st and 2nd term - Deputy Chairman of the Parliamentary Club of the Democratic Left Alliance. During its 3rd term - Deputy Chairman of the Sejm Foreign Affairs Committee and Chairman of the Sejm and Senate Standing Delegation to the Assembly of the Western European Union. Since 1998 - Vicechairman of the International Council of the organisation Parliamentarians for Global Action based in New York. Since 2000 - Chairman of the Sub-Committee for Transatlantic Relations of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly. Since 2001 - Deputy Chairman of the Social-Democratic Faction in the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.

From 1961 until dissolution - member of the Polish United Workers' Party. 1995 - becomes a member of the Social Democratic Party of Poland. Since 2000 - member of the Supreme Council of the Democratic Left Alliance.